The Collection of the Anatomical Pathology Section (APSC), currently composed of 854 anatomical pieces, is a result of the efforts endeavored by great national science figures. The collection provides information about the beginning of Pathology history (1903) and its development until 1970, in Rio de Janeiro, and the contributions of this field to national and international science. Despite the fact some materials have been lost during the sixties and the seventies, the remaining anatomical pieces are a historical document of the efforts of famous pathologists from Escola de Manguinhos (Manguinhos School).